Thursday, September 6, 2012
Cause Foundation Settlement and Cracking brick Drywall - When calling for service?
myLot User Profile
Ladder type cracking factory steps can be a sign of foundation settlement. The
base solution is usually caused by either: 1) poor soil compaction
during construction basis, 2) using the wrong type of soil (such as soil
which contains large amounts of organic material), and experimenting /
or 3 ) soil moisture or excessive loads.Another indicator of the base solution is drywall cracks around the openings in the outer wall.The
typical arrangement caused by poor compaction occurs in the first two
years after completion of the house and usually comes after soil
stabilization is properly consolidated. Deterioration
caused by the solution of organic material at the base would occur
during a longer period of time after completion of the house. The presence of water in excess of foundation soils I overload can occur at any time during the life of a structure.Normally,
when the settlement is the cause of the cracks step ladder, the ladder
steps to build up towards the location of the settlement and its
corresponding crack-step ladder can be found to indicate where the
settlement occurred. For
example, if the left front corner of the house were settling one would
expect staircase lies in a crevice of the front wall, building up
towards the left and one on the left wall, building up toward the front .Typically when the stair-step of cracks was observed that it is necessary to evaluate the interior of the structure. If
there are deficiencies internally, the solution is sometimes considered
only settlement sheet, which is generally not a structural problem. When
deficiencies are found inside and the murmur of wallpaper, cracks in
plaster and / or gaps in the molding around doors, windows and / or top
and bottom of the walls, the solution may be considered as not plate only but also to the pier and curtain wall supporting wood stud wall, which could be a structural problem.Another
less known force, which is often misinterpreted as foundation
settlement is a "push out" caused by the bending strength of the rafters
or roof diffusion. When
there is not enough vertical support beams of the roof or when
excessive load such as during a strong wind event or event of roof snow
can sometimes tend to spread. If
a roof extending from front to rear, tends to push outward on the outer
front and rear walls, which can sometimes lead to erroneous estimation
of the cause of cracking and often inadequate to expensive repairs,
unnecessary .If you suspect you have a basic problem, it is advisable to hire a forensic structural engineer to assess the situation. Usually
the best way to proceed is to call first 3-4 local companies foundation
repair offering "free estimates" and have them assess the issue. Often these companies are on the side of caution and "estimated" 2-3 springs you need more than they actually require. This is the time a forensic structural engineer can help. Probably
will cost around $ 700 - $ 1,000 for an engineer to come check it out,
but with the springs normally cost between $ 800 - $ 1,000, if the
engineer can deduce that these extras 2-3 springs are not necessary, have saved $ 1,600 - $ 2,000 and has a letter revealing engineer if you want to sell your home.A good structural engineer is expensive, but so are the foundation repairs. This is especially true when the person is sent home is more of a "spring seller" an expert foundation. I hope these tips will save you money.
Tuesday, June 26, 2012
How to Choose a Ground Dewatering Pump Hire Company
By
Steve Reeve
Pumps for rent from a pump rent specialist area unit ordinarily used for the subsequent applications:
- Clean water, sludge and suspension pumping
- Reservoir debilitating (e.g. as a part of reservoir excavation and rebuilds)
- Over-pumping chambers throughout pump house maintenance
- Emergency back-up within the event of a pump house failure
- Pumping throughout repairs and upgrades to treatment works
- At docks, ports, harbours and marinas (e.g. throughout cleanup, dredging and therefore the removal of sludge and alternative deposits)
- hydraulics testing (water or another form of liquid, like oil, being pumped up into a tank to check its pressure tolerance)
And:
- Ground dewatering (the removal of unwanted groundwater. or surface water; usually needed for excavation, draining, water transference, and alternative purposes)
More concerning ground dewatering
Choosing the proper pump rental specialist for ground dewatering needs will mean a project remains on point in time and at intervals budget. Leasing pumps for ground dewatering is reasonable. once one considers however necessary effective dewatering is to a project's overall success, that produces pump rent a "bargain" for the location agent / engineer, and therefore the obvious different to investment for good in pumps and connected instrumentation.
About the groundwater level
The underground depth at that purpose the bottom is completely saturated with water is named the 'water table'. Hiring pumps for the removal of groundwater at construction and technology sites -before subterranean excavation for foundations, shoring, or cellar area - lowers the groundwater level. This oft involves the employment of submersible pumps and centrifugal pumps.
Other samples of groundwater management
Below area unit simply 3 samples of dewatering comes that were handled by dewatering pump specialists:
Docklands light-weight Railway - For the Docklands light-weight Railway (DLR), during a biennial project for a big-name contractor, Associate in Nursing initial pumping system was designed and put in to supply pumping for a tunnel-boring machine. Submersible pumps were then equipped in shafts to get rid of groundwater, and diesel pumps were used for emptying and utilities (including waste product over-pumping).
Cement Quarry - Here, a theme was designed to lower water levels caused by high downfall at a cement quarry. Use of the quarry as Associate in Nursing emergency reservoir usually unbroken volumes at an appropriate height. however levels began to rise speedily, making a threat of variant gallons of water flooding the native space, together with a significant link road to a close-by throughway.
The pumping professionals put in a high head, high-flow pump and 200mm diameter pumping main. A rate of three,000 gallons-per-minute was needed to scale back the water level by over 2m. This was achieved. The project took fourteen weeks.
London Underground - Over a four-year amount the pump rental specialist equipped diesel, submersible and air pumps to support varied crucial applications for London Underground's day of remembrance Line, for a spread of contractors. This enclosed dewatering of tunnel shafts, tunnels and utilities diversions (sewage and gas). Pumps were additionally provided to the spile contractor: electric-driven self-priming units for pumping suspension.
Only a specialist with an in depth vary of pumping instrumentation and a superb record of delivering on time might are elite to figure with the higher than comes. They quickly and accurately assessed:
- the dimensions of every project's would like
- the kinds of dewatering pumps needed (high quality brands of dewatering pumps)
- the number of dewatering pumps needed
Delays to pumping in winter are minimised
A project's success will beyond any doubt rely upon mistreatment the proper pump firm. One that may well handle jobs of all sizes are ready to provide tiny moveable units further as industrial-duty dewatering pumps (pumps for serious industrial needs) obtainable during a type of sizes and capabilities. they'll even be knowledgeable in providing the foremost acceptable pump models for dewatering functions at any time of year. Delays to dewatering pumping throughout winter are unbroken to a minimum, in order that comes will stay on time and at intervals budget.
Late project completion penalties is avoided
Finally, a project is the best-run website within the country, but, while not economical groundwater management, it will before long become hindered in pricey and uncomfortable issues, with serious implications for the project (and additionally for Health and Safety). And once one considers that late completion fines at large sites will usually quantity to tens of thousands of pounds, it's no exaggeration to mention that, once it involves economical ground dewatering, an honest pump rent company will virtually be "worth their weight in gold".
- Clean water, sludge and suspension pumping
- Reservoir debilitating (e.g. as a part of reservoir excavation and rebuilds)
- Over-pumping chambers throughout pump house maintenance
- Emergency back-up within the event of a pump house failure
- Pumping throughout repairs and upgrades to treatment works
- At docks, ports, harbours and marinas (e.g. throughout cleanup, dredging and therefore the removal of sludge and alternative deposits)
- hydraulics testing (water or another form of liquid, like oil, being pumped up into a tank to check its pressure tolerance)
And:
- Ground dewatering (the removal of unwanted groundwater. or surface water; usually needed for excavation, draining, water transference, and alternative purposes)
More concerning ground dewatering
Choosing the proper pump rental specialist for ground dewatering needs will mean a project remains on point in time and at intervals budget. Leasing pumps for ground dewatering is reasonable. once one considers however necessary effective dewatering is to a project's overall success, that produces pump rent a "bargain" for the location agent / engineer, and therefore the obvious different to investment for good in pumps and connected instrumentation.
About the groundwater level
The underground depth at that purpose the bottom is completely saturated with water is named the 'water table'. Hiring pumps for the removal of groundwater at construction and technology sites -before subterranean excavation for foundations, shoring, or cellar area - lowers the groundwater level. This oft involves the employment of submersible pumps and centrifugal pumps.
Other samples of groundwater management
Below area unit simply 3 samples of dewatering comes that were handled by dewatering pump specialists:
Docklands light-weight Railway - For the Docklands light-weight Railway (DLR), during a biennial project for a big-name contractor, Associate in Nursing initial pumping system was designed and put in to supply pumping for a tunnel-boring machine. Submersible pumps were then equipped in shafts to get rid of groundwater, and diesel pumps were used for emptying and utilities (including waste product over-pumping).
Cement Quarry - Here, a theme was designed to lower water levels caused by high downfall at a cement quarry. Use of the quarry as Associate in Nursing emergency reservoir usually unbroken volumes at an appropriate height. however levels began to rise speedily, making a threat of variant gallons of water flooding the native space, together with a significant link road to a close-by throughway.
The pumping professionals put in a high head, high-flow pump and 200mm diameter pumping main. A rate of three,000 gallons-per-minute was needed to scale back the water level by over 2m. This was achieved. The project took fourteen weeks.
London Underground - Over a four-year amount the pump rental specialist equipped diesel, submersible and air pumps to support varied crucial applications for London Underground's day of remembrance Line, for a spread of contractors. This enclosed dewatering of tunnel shafts, tunnels and utilities diversions (sewage and gas). Pumps were additionally provided to the spile contractor: electric-driven self-priming units for pumping suspension.
Only a specialist with an in depth vary of pumping instrumentation and a superb record of delivering on time might are elite to figure with the higher than comes. They quickly and accurately assessed:
- the dimensions of every project's would like
- the kinds of dewatering pumps needed (high quality brands of dewatering pumps)
- the number of dewatering pumps needed
Delays to pumping in winter are minimised
A project's success will beyond any doubt rely upon mistreatment the proper pump firm. One that may well handle jobs of all sizes are ready to provide tiny moveable units further as industrial-duty dewatering pumps (pumps for serious industrial needs) obtainable during a type of sizes and capabilities. they'll even be knowledgeable in providing the foremost acceptable pump models for dewatering functions at any time of year. Delays to dewatering pumping throughout winter are unbroken to a minimum, in order that comes will stay on time and at intervals budget.
Late project completion penalties is avoided
Finally, a project is the best-run website within the country, but, while not economical groundwater management, it will before long become hindered in pricey and uncomfortable issues, with serious implications for the project (and additionally for Health and Safety). And once one considers that late completion fines at large sites will usually quantity to tens of thousands of pounds, it's no exaggeration to mention that, once it involves economical ground dewatering, an honest pump rent company will virtually be "worth their weight in gold".
Article submitted by Steve Reeve, Sales Director at Andrews Sykes. Andrews Sykes has over 25 years experience hiring hydraulic pumps to the construction industry.
For more information please visit www.andrews-sykes.com
PR4-PR8 Contextual Links
Article Source:
http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Steve_Reeve
For more information please visit www.andrews-sykes.com
Sunday, June 24, 2012
Model Railway Scales - 7 Top Selling Train Scale Sizes You Must Know Before You Purchase Your Train!
By
Bill K Jamison
Stop! Before you jump in and purchase your new model train you higher initial learn the variations between scale sizes. Knowing the different scales can help you decide:
that model train can slot in the house you have got accessible.
that sizes square measure easier for you to figure with (large or maybe rheumy fingers do not match well with smaller scales).
that scales have the foremost selections for accessories.
What model train scales can fit your budget.
how realistic and authentic does one need your railroad to be?
Below square measure the 7 most well-liked model trains scales. I have listed their professionals and cons to assist you understand that scale square measure the simplest match for you.
First, let's clarify the distinction between gauge and scale. Gauge is that the activity between the within of the track. Scale is that the size comparison to a true train; AN Ho Scale is 1:87 of the dimensions of a true train. just remember, gauge is that the track size and scale is that the train size.
The scales below square measure listed from the biggest to the tiniest. There square measure different scales however these square measure by far the foremost in style selections with model railroad enthusiast.
G Scale: attributable to their giant size they are best suited to be discovered in outside gardens, so the nickname 'Garden Train'. They started in Germany and square measure 1:22.5 of AN actual train size. Their size makes them durable to rougher use; they don't derail as often and square measure easier to control. The down sides are:
They take additional maintenance for the outdoors if you reside in wetter climates.
they don't supply many operating accessories like; automatic crossing gates, remote-controlled bridges, etc.
O Scale: just like the G Scale the O Scale is in style because of it's larger however slightly smaller 1:48 scale size, that makes it easier to figure with and operate especially for people with larger or issues hands. This scale is also a wonderful alternative for children.
Another thing to contemplate is that the higher value for the O Scale train and its accessories. Lionel is legendary for making the O Scale in style and has been doing therefore for many years therefore there a a lot of accessories accessible.
S Scale: This scale size is within the middle at 1:64. It desires only 10 per cent additional space than AN Ho Scale and is changing into in style attributable to this. The trains detail is nice and there is a robust selection of reasonable accessories.
HO Scale: this can be the foremost in style scale with railroaders; in truth, two-thirds of railroad modelers rate it as their favorite. Here square measure some reasons why:
they are about 0.5 the dimensions (1:87) of the larger trains; Ho virtually means that "half of O". If house is a concern then this scale might be for you.
they have a large selection of accessories.
The start-up value is a smaller amount so square measure the accessories.
you can build the foremost realistic elaborated discovered. many glorious layouts may be created on a 4' x 8' bench work.
they have a large selection of scenery.
TT Scale: This scale is smaller than the Ho Scale at 1/120. This model railroad is very in style in Europe however in North America it's few fans. the supply of elements and costs square measure mirrored within which continent you're from.
N Scale: This scale came into prominence within the 60's. it is a smaller scale at 1:160, that makes it about 0.5 the dimensions of Ho Scales. it is fairly straightforward to figure with however hand size will play an element here. Its size does permit elaborated layouts even in smaller areas.
The draw back of the N Scale model train is that the higher price and the lack of convenience for accessories, especially compared to the Ho Scales. this can be because of its lack of universal popularity, although it's obtaining in style in North America. The recent trend of people moving into littleer homes has enhanced its popularity because of its ability to create a close railroad in a small house.
Z Scale: this can be a wonderful alternative for anyone with limited house because the Z Scale is that the smallest of the scales at 1:220 of a train. This scale is ideal for setting up in offices or on a desk reception with a lot of detail prospects.
The availability of accessories isn't robust and if you have got larger or hands with issues engaged on this train may well be terribly frustrating.
It is one thing to read about the different scales, however to actually get the feel of the different sizes, I recommend that you simply visit your local train hobby store to visualize and feel the different scale sizes. The additional knowledge you have got the better alternative you'll make.
that model train can slot in the house you have got accessible.
that sizes square measure easier for you to figure with (large or maybe rheumy fingers do not match well with smaller scales).
that scales have the foremost selections for accessories.
What model train scales can fit your budget.
how realistic and authentic does one need your railroad to be?
Below square measure the 7 most well-liked model trains scales. I have listed their professionals and cons to assist you understand that scale square measure the simplest match for you.
First, let's clarify the distinction between gauge and scale. Gauge is that the activity between the within of the track. Scale is that the size comparison to a true train; AN Ho Scale is 1:87 of the dimensions of a true train. just remember, gauge is that the track size and scale is that the train size.
The scales below square measure listed from the biggest to the tiniest. There square measure different scales however these square measure by far the foremost in style selections with model railroad enthusiast.
G Scale: attributable to their giant size they are best suited to be discovered in outside gardens, so the nickname 'Garden Train'. They started in Germany and square measure 1:22.5 of AN actual train size. Their size makes them durable to rougher use; they don't derail as often and square measure easier to control. The down sides are:
They take additional maintenance for the outdoors if you reside in wetter climates.
they don't supply many operating accessories like; automatic crossing gates, remote-controlled bridges, etc.
O Scale: just like the G Scale the O Scale is in style because of it's larger however slightly smaller 1:48 scale size, that makes it easier to figure with and operate especially for people with larger or issues hands. This scale is also a wonderful alternative for children.
Another thing to contemplate is that the higher value for the O Scale train and its accessories. Lionel is legendary for making the O Scale in style and has been doing therefore for many years therefore there a a lot of accessories accessible.
S Scale: This scale size is within the middle at 1:64. It desires only 10 per cent additional space than AN Ho Scale and is changing into in style attributable to this. The trains detail is nice and there is a robust selection of reasonable accessories.
HO Scale: this can be the foremost in style scale with railroaders; in truth, two-thirds of railroad modelers rate it as their favorite. Here square measure some reasons why:
they are about 0.5 the dimensions (1:87) of the larger trains; Ho virtually means that "half of O". If house is a concern then this scale might be for you.
they have a large selection of accessories.
The start-up value is a smaller amount so square measure the accessories.
you can build the foremost realistic elaborated discovered. many glorious layouts may be created on a 4' x 8' bench work.
they have a large selection of scenery.
TT Scale: This scale is smaller than the Ho Scale at 1/120. This model railroad is very in style in Europe however in North America it's few fans. the supply of elements and costs square measure mirrored within which continent you're from.
N Scale: This scale came into prominence within the 60's. it is a smaller scale at 1:160, that makes it about 0.5 the dimensions of Ho Scales. it is fairly straightforward to figure with however hand size will play an element here. Its size does permit elaborated layouts even in smaller areas.
The draw back of the N Scale model train is that the higher price and the lack of convenience for accessories, especially compared to the Ho Scales. this can be because of its lack of universal popularity, although it's obtaining in style in North America. The recent trend of people moving into littleer homes has enhanced its popularity because of its ability to create a close railroad in a small house.
Z Scale: this can be a wonderful alternative for anyone with limited house because the Z Scale is that the smallest of the scales at 1:220 of a train. This scale is ideal for setting up in offices or on a desk reception with a lot of detail prospects.
The availability of accessories isn't robust and if you have got larger or hands with issues engaged on this train may well be terribly frustrating.
It is one thing to read about the different scales, however to actually get the feel of the different sizes, I recommend that you simply visit your local train hobby store to visualize and feel the different scale sizes. The additional knowledge you have got the better alternative you'll make.
Bill K Jamison is the publisher and owner of the 100% FREE model
railroad building secrets website. This is a must read for any model
railroad enthusiast. It gives away essential information of the correct
way to construct your model train and how to accomplish this within the
space, time and budget you have on hand.
Go to the popular "Model Railroad Building Secrets" website http://www.modelrailroadbuildingsecrets.com for your FREE information.
Article Source:
http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Bill_K_Jamison
Go to the popular "Model Railroad Building Secrets" website http://www.modelrailroadbuildingsecrets.com for your FREE information.
Best Natural Termite Prevention
By
Parson Smith
As
the world becomes more environmentally friendly, we can not find the
best ways to solve problems and still be careful with the environment. Chemicals
Getting rid of your termite infestation problem is easy, but can be
expensive and, of course, dangerous to both you and the environment. This article explains some of these natural termite several caveats.
Termites can be very destructive creatures, and even the search for naturally termite prevention is the best move you could make, you should realize that time is not on their side. The last thing you want to happen is that your house will eat everything in pieces, while you are still waiting or looking for natural ways to get rid of insects.
There are many natural methods of prevention of termites and one can choose from a wide range of methods that are known to work better. However, it is very important for one to know exactly how and the right time to use them. They are not one hundred percent effective, so one must choose the right to prevent or solve the problem, depending on the urgency.
It is always said that prevention is better than cure. You never have to worry about termites if you never get into your house in the first place. The thing to understand is that termites are attracted to your home for certain things. They receive at home through wood and soil contact. One of the best natural termite preventions is to move some of the things that lead them to their facilities. This would mean moving firewood that place a little further from home. This also means that you lift your house foundations five to six inches from the ground.
Repairing leaks that are related to their structure or plumbing leaks is another method of preventing termite natural. This is because termites tend to find a place that contains wood and water.
Always ensure that food waste his kitchen table and piles of garbage are removed from your garden all the time. Leave garbage lying around not only create hiding places for ants, but also attract if the stack contains food.
Make sure the downspout directs water away from the house. As explained above, water can also attract termites and have a little lie close to your house could be the signal for the beginning of his nightmare of termites. Remember to keep the gutters clean and in top condition.
Concrete may also be used or termite resistant steel to avoid contact of the earth. This will give you one of the best natural methods resistant to termites.
Termites can be very destructive creatures, and even the search for naturally termite prevention is the best move you could make, you should realize that time is not on their side. The last thing you want to happen is that your house will eat everything in pieces, while you are still waiting or looking for natural ways to get rid of insects.
There are many natural methods of prevention of termites and one can choose from a wide range of methods that are known to work better. However, it is very important for one to know exactly how and the right time to use them. They are not one hundred percent effective, so one must choose the right to prevent or solve the problem, depending on the urgency.
It is always said that prevention is better than cure. You never have to worry about termites if you never get into your house in the first place. The thing to understand is that termites are attracted to your home for certain things. They receive at home through wood and soil contact. One of the best natural termite preventions is to move some of the things that lead them to their facilities. This would mean moving firewood that place a little further from home. This also means that you lift your house foundations five to six inches from the ground.
Repairing leaks that are related to their structure or plumbing leaks is another method of preventing termite natural. This is because termites tend to find a place that contains wood and water.
Always ensure that food waste his kitchen table and piles of garbage are removed from your garden all the time. Leave garbage lying around not only create hiding places for ants, but also attract if the stack contains food.
Make sure the downspout directs water away from the house. As explained above, water can also attract termites and have a little lie close to your house could be the signal for the beginning of his nightmare of termites. Remember to keep the gutters clean and in top condition.
Concrete may also be used or termite resistant steel to avoid contact of the earth. This will give you one of the best natural methods resistant to termites.
Parson Smith is a staff expert for Parsons Pest Control. For organic solutions to termites visit http://store.parsonspestcontrol.com/termites.aspx?ref=ezinearticles
Article Source:
http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Parson_Smith
The Importance of Building With Termite Barriers
By
Ken Birch
As a complete technique of insect management, insect resistant materials don't seem to be an appropriate different for a established and effective insect management barrier. A recently conducted national Australian survey on associatet|insect} injury reports that prices related to insect infestation have escalated to an astounding $780 million each year.These figures break all the way down to $6000 injury on the average per home or $41 for each man, girl and kid nationwide. This survey failed to enable replacement prices of furnishings, carpet, electrical injury or personal belongings like books and icon albums.
A insect expertise
Allan Burman, from Allan's Self Storage in South East Queensland had an in depth encounter with termites occupying a part of his storage facility together with a client's personal belongings.
One year once the completion of building the storage facilities, active termites were detected in one amongst the storage units. within the starting stage of construction no thought had been given to insect management owing to the very fact that every one building materials were insect resistant.
The storage shed tried a decent food supply, with furnishings and cardboard boxes filled with personal belongings, making an ideal surroundings for insect activity. Termites gained access into the cargo hold through unprotected core stuffed block walls and construction joints.
Thankfully the insect infestation was detected early and therefore the very little injury was contained.
Termite infestation had the potential to price Allan's company several thousands of bucks in lost future business - Insurance firms don't cowl contents contained in any structure if broken by termites. a good insect system was desperately needed.
Allan thought-about a insect barrier to be the foremost reliable and effective technique which might enable him peace of mind.
A insect barrier system was retrofitted throughout the complicated to forestall hid access by insects - a pricey and time-intensive resolution that might are avoided with the installation of a termite barrier within the storage areas initial construction.
A physical insect barrier is created from immoderate marine grade chrome steel mesh that keeps termites out while not the employment of poisonous chemicals.
Seven years on, Allan is building his second Self Storage Facility at a price of $2,000,000 and is extremely attentive to guaranteeing each the structure and therefore the contents ar well protected against termites.
In this case, a insect barrier is being put in as a part of the building contract. once asked for his reasons in selecting a insect barrier resolution, Allen spoke of eager to shield his investment associated business name with an anti-termite system that's established to figure.
It's calculable that over two hundred,000 homes across Australia use a insect barrier to guard themselves from the pricey money burden which will accompany insect infestation. It's positively price wanting toward the long run and protective yourself against the injury of termites once building a replacement home or workplace.
Ken Birch has over 10 years of experience in the Termite &
Pest Control industry. Ken has been one of the key players in promoting
'Termimesh', a physical termite barrier invented in the late 1980's in
response to concerns over the use of toxins in termite control. Ken is
involved in many aspects of the pest management industry, both at home
in Western Australia and worldwide, and continues to promote the use of
environmentally safe termite and pest control techniques. For more
information visit http://www.termimesh.com.au
Article Source:
http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Ken_Birch
Thursday, June 21, 2012
Facts About China Architecture and Chinese Buildings Art
By
C Lee
China's distinctive architecture is an important part of the splendid Chinese civilization. Along
with the Western and Muslim architecture, the three styles of
understanding the world's most important architectural systems.
In the Stone Age, Chinese ancestors lived by fishing and hunting, and took refuge in trees and caves. In the Neolithic, Chinese ancestors engaged in animal husbandry and agriculture, and settled in the caves of excavation and construction of simple houses with branches and wood, and began his architectural activities.During 3,000 years
feudal society, ancient Chinese architecture formulated gradually its unique system, with considerable progress in urban planning, landscape design, and the art of building houses. In 221 BC, the first emperor of the Qin Empire mobilized the resources of the country for construction on a large scale, including a palace 'Fang, Mausoleum of the Emperor, the Great Wall and Water Conservation Project Dujiangyan. In later dynasties, many construction greatest enduring fame were conducted.
China Wooden frames are unique in the world. They reflect the aesthetic values, and ethical standards of the Chinese people. Chinese architecture has its roots in cultural tradition and has several features. It highlights the absolute imperial power and strict social status. The best examples of this can be found in the palaces and cities prohibited. Chinese architecture also emphasizes global beauty and axial arrangement pattern is widely used in buildings. Chinese style also incorporates elements of nature and emphasizes an elegant beauty, quiet and easy-going. Apart from the Han, the ethnic architecture is also diverse and different.
Chinese architecture can be classified into the imperial palaces, religious temples, ancient gardens, tombs and ordinary group ethnic.
In the Stone Age, Chinese ancestors lived by fishing and hunting, and took refuge in trees and caves. In the Neolithic, Chinese ancestors engaged in animal husbandry and agriculture, and settled in the caves of excavation and construction of simple houses with branches and wood, and began his architectural activities.During 3,000 years
feudal society, ancient Chinese architecture formulated gradually its unique system, with considerable progress in urban planning, landscape design, and the art of building houses. In 221 BC, the first emperor of the Qin Empire mobilized the resources of the country for construction on a large scale, including a palace 'Fang, Mausoleum of the Emperor, the Great Wall and Water Conservation Project Dujiangyan. In later dynasties, many construction greatest enduring fame were conducted.
China Wooden frames are unique in the world. They reflect the aesthetic values, and ethical standards of the Chinese people. Chinese architecture has its roots in cultural tradition and has several features. It highlights the absolute imperial power and strict social status. The best examples of this can be found in the palaces and cities prohibited. Chinese architecture also emphasizes global beauty and axial arrangement pattern is widely used in buildings. Chinese style also incorporates elements of nature and emphasizes an elegant beauty, quiet and easy-going. Apart from the Han, the ethnic architecture is also diverse and different.
Chinese architecture can be classified into the imperial palaces, religious temples, ancient gardens, tombs and ordinary group ethnic.
The online website of the China travel agency - China Fact Tours has fruitful information regarding facts about China and China Architecture [http://www.chinafacttours.com/facts/a], as well as a great deal of practical China travel information and travel resources be of help before you plan a trip to China!
Masonry Repair - Patching Or Replacement?
By
Bill R Thomas
Over time, masonry may crack and deteriorated, leading to loose bricks, hollow brick or brick, and unsightly, crumbling bricks. As bad as it may seem, not all cases of deterioration requires masonry restoration. In some cases, the patches of the masonry can be sufficient to restore the beauty and durability of the structure.
Cracked and broken masonry is not only wrong, but can affect the integrity of the masonry structure. Depending on the level of deterioration, the crumbling brick or block may allow moisture or leaks in the structure itself. Furthermore, once the deterioration of this nature begins often spreads rapidly. If ignored, can lead to the need to remove and replace entire sections of masonry, which is much more expensive.
Patches that works best for your project when the deteriorated brick or block just getting started, and the section or sections of masonry restoration they need are limited. However, if a large part of the masonry crumbling, it may be necessary
have the brick or block removed and replaced by the true restoration and durability.
If patches is not performed in the early stages of decay, completely masonry large voids may crumble and may occur, causing leakage and other problems with the structure. If a general deterioration of the brick, block or tile, you will need to undertake further restoration. Sections of masonry may need to be removed and replaced in its entirety, rather than just patches. This can be much more expensive than the patches, but worth saving masonry structures.
Cracked and broken masonry is not only wrong, but can affect the integrity of the masonry structure. Depending on the level of deterioration, the crumbling brick or block may allow moisture or leaks in the structure itself. Furthermore, once the deterioration of this nature begins often spreads rapidly. If ignored, can lead to the need to remove and replace entire sections of masonry, which is much more expensive.
Patches that works best for your project when the deteriorated brick or block just getting started, and the section or sections of masonry restoration they need are limited. However, if a large part of the masonry crumbling, it may be necessary
have the brick or block removed and replaced by the true restoration and durability.
If patches is not performed in the early stages of decay, completely masonry large voids may crumble and may occur, causing leakage and other problems with the structure. If a general deterioration of the brick, block or tile, you will need to undertake further restoration. Sections of masonry may need to be removed and replaced in its entirety, rather than just patches. This can be much more expensive than the patches, but worth saving masonry structures.
C&M Restoration has been specializing in concrete and masonry
restoration, preservation and maintenance since 1995. Bill's unique
passion for quality craftsmanship has earned him and his company a solid
reputation in the Kansas City and Midwest areas.
Article Source:
http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Bill_R_Thomas
Concrete Crack Repair - Epoxy Injection
By
Aaron Kuertz
Concrete foundations can develop cracks over time. These cracks
can then let in water and damage the interior contents of the basement.
In severe cases, cracks in a concrete basement wall can signify that
there is a structural defect with the wall. Whether it is to stop water
or to structurally reinforce the concrete crack, epoxies can be injected
into it.
Causes of Concrete Cracks
The most common is that the concrete actually shrinks as it cures. This curing process reduces
Causes of Concrete Cracks
The most common is that the concrete actually shrinks as it cures. This curing process reduces
Epoxy Adhesive-More than Glue
By
Margarette Tustle
How Is Epoxy Adhesive Different From Other Types Of Glue?
In order to make epoxy work, you must combing resin and a hardening agent to make the bond as strong as necessary. Until recently most adhesives were not very good at bonding two different materials such as metal and wood or in bonding non-porous materials like glass. But, with the synthetic matter contained in epoxies, you can do both of these types of jobs with ease. Most of the time, when you are making an epoxy adhesive, you do not mix the two parts together until you are ready to use them. Many are also thermo-activated, which means they also need heat in order to form the bonds.
How Long Have Epoxies Been Around?
In 1936, both SO Greenlee in the United States and Dr. Pierre Castan of Switzerland demonstrated that the first epoxy adhesive. Since then, there have been many advances in the field of adhesives and you can find many types, both for domestic and industrial use. Some of you may be familiar with are Krazy Glue, Super Glue, and Gorilla
Glue.
Uses For Epoxy Adhesive
Uses of this type of adhesive include: fix things like broken glass or cables optical fiber coupling. Epoxies are not bulky, lightweight are easily adapted to the surface of the materials being joined. Therefore, they are perfect for many uses in the home and in the workplace, because they are made to last.
What precautions and dangers you should be aware of when using an epoxy adhesive?
Be very careful that you are using the correct type of adhesive for the job. The wrong type of adhesive can cause permanent damage to what you're trying to repair. Also, you should ensure that you have the area where you are using the epoxy adhesive clean and free of debris so they do not get into adhesive. Be careful not to get any adhesive on the skin, as it can unite the moment and it is difficult to remove without great effort. With a crazy glue epoxy adhesive bonds instantly like him when it airs. If you get on your skin, you can try nail polish to remove.
When using a two-part epoxy adhesive should be mixed in a surface that is not going to use again if possible. The packaging for the epoxy adhesive can often serve this purpose. Mix the two parts quickly and apply them as soon as possible. Follow all instructions carefully to ensure the best results.
If you are using some types of epoxy resins that can produce enough heat to cause what you are trying to unite to break or bend. For this reason, it is essential that you are very careful when choosing which to use epoxy adhesive. Even the simplest of epoxy, such as those used in the home can cause damage and can ruin the surface of the joint efforts in the future.
Where can I buy?
You can find several types of epoxy at a hardware shop, a home improvement, or even some types of art and hobby shop. But, if you are not sure what type of epoxy you need, you can find a lot of information online about what epoxies better to work with different materials. The packing must have the information, so not only will help you choose the right adhesive, but also how to apply it. If you still have questions, please contact the customer service representatives at the company which manufactures the epoxy to find any additional information you may need.
In order to make epoxy work, you must combing resin and a hardening agent to make the bond as strong as necessary. Until recently most adhesives were not very good at bonding two different materials such as metal and wood or in bonding non-porous materials like glass. But, with the synthetic matter contained in epoxies, you can do both of these types of jobs with ease. Most of the time, when you are making an epoxy adhesive, you do not mix the two parts together until you are ready to use them. Many are also thermo-activated, which means they also need heat in order to form the bonds.
How Long Have Epoxies Been Around?
In 1936, both SO Greenlee in the United States and Dr. Pierre Castan of Switzerland demonstrated that the first epoxy adhesive. Since then, there have been many advances in the field of adhesives and you can find many types, both for domestic and industrial use. Some of you may be familiar with are Krazy Glue, Super Glue, and Gorilla
Glue.
Uses For Epoxy Adhesive
Uses of this type of adhesive include: fix things like broken glass or cables optical fiber coupling. Epoxies are not bulky, lightweight are easily adapted to the surface of the materials being joined. Therefore, they are perfect for many uses in the home and in the workplace, because they are made to last.
What precautions and dangers you should be aware of when using an epoxy adhesive?
Be very careful that you are using the correct type of adhesive for the job. The wrong type of adhesive can cause permanent damage to what you're trying to repair. Also, you should ensure that you have the area where you are using the epoxy adhesive clean and free of debris so they do not get into adhesive. Be careful not to get any adhesive on the skin, as it can unite the moment and it is difficult to remove without great effort. With a crazy glue epoxy adhesive bonds instantly like him when it airs. If you get on your skin, you can try nail polish to remove.
When using a two-part epoxy adhesive should be mixed in a surface that is not going to use again if possible. The packaging for the epoxy adhesive can often serve this purpose. Mix the two parts quickly and apply them as soon as possible. Follow all instructions carefully to ensure the best results.
If you are using some types of epoxy resins that can produce enough heat to cause what you are trying to unite to break or bend. For this reason, it is essential that you are very careful when choosing which to use epoxy adhesive. Even the simplest of epoxy, such as those used in the home can cause damage and can ruin the surface of the joint efforts in the future.
Where can I buy?
You can find several types of epoxy at a hardware shop, a home improvement, or even some types of art and hobby shop. But, if you are not sure what type of epoxy you need, you can find a lot of information online about what epoxies better to work with different materials. The packing must have the information, so not only will help you choose the right adhesive, but also how to apply it. If you still have questions, please contact the customer service representatives at the company which manufactures the epoxy to find any additional information you may need.
Written By Margarette Tustle. Learn more about adhesives [http://www.duoadhesive.com] from duoadhesive.com.
Japanese Ceramics
By
Harlan Urwiler
There is great beauty and elegance about Japan. Even a cursory
view of their culture, art, traditions, and history gives one a highly
favorable impression of the Japanese people. So when a person considers
Japanese ceramics they should be made aware that prior to the Edo period
(1603-1868 CE) luxury items like ceramic wares were foreign to Japan.
This may indeed come as a surprise. However, it is nonetheless true to
history. In fact, the ceramic industry of Japan made significant
progress with the development of the traditional tea ceremony. By the
start of the 18th century, Chinese wares listed in tea ceremony records
were four to twenty times more expensive than Japanese wares. As a
matter of practical use, everyday meals and banquet ceremonies were
served on lacquer ware or wood trays. These facts give rise to the
question of when Japanese ceramic wares began to appear in the culture.
What exactly changed?
Airport Facilities
By
Fernando Frambuesa
As any air traveller will be aware, airports such as Gatwick and
Heathrow offer numerous airport facilities to customers aside from the
basic fabric of the building and the hangars themselves. These
facilities and buildings need to be well-maintained by specialist
airport contractors in order to maintain a high-quality level of service
that is both safe and functional to customer. Contractors that
specialise in providing high-quality airport services ought to be
highly-experienced in the industry and have a well-established
relationship with the
Corrosion in Metals - Principles and Prevention
By
Daniel Levy
Corrosion is the tendency of metals to return to their natural
condition, abandoning their current one, that is: the destruction or
deterioration of a material because of chemical and/or electrochemical
reactions.
A chemical reaction or dry environment reaction can occur by the contact with vapors or gases, without the presence of liquids. With frequency, the dry environment reaction is closely associated with high temperatures.
A electrochemical reaction or humid environment reaction, is present in liquid atmospheres, by sprayed or immersed means.
Corrosion processes tend to return materials back to a more thermodynamically stable state by their combination with substances in the environment, particularly with oxygen. It is from such a state that the materials were transformed through the metallurgic process of extraction and refinement, by the means of the supply of electric, chemical or heat work.
The most widely used metals for
A chemical reaction or dry environment reaction can occur by the contact with vapors or gases, without the presence of liquids. With frequency, the dry environment reaction is closely associated with high temperatures.
A electrochemical reaction or humid environment reaction, is present in liquid atmospheres, by sprayed or immersed means.
Corrosion processes tend to return materials back to a more thermodynamically stable state by their combination with substances in the environment, particularly with oxygen. It is from such a state that the materials were transformed through the metallurgic process of extraction and refinement, by the means of the supply of electric, chemical or heat work.
The most widely used metals for
Anti-Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention
By
Mike Luis Green
When exposed to the elements in the environment, metal structures
will suffer deterioration in structural strength. Thus, aside from the
cost savings, corrosion can result in public and industrial safety
issues. Fundamental understanding of these phenomenon is very crucial to
the assessment of the most appropriate means of corrosion prevention
strategy.
Corrosion prevention is
Corrosion prevention is
Why Does Wood Crack When it Dries?
By
Clyde Cremer
Differential Shrinkage - To get right to the point, wood cracks
due to differential shrinkage! Differential shrinkage occurs because the
outer fibers in the shell dry first and begin to shrink. However, the
core has not yet begun to dry and shrink, and consequently the shell is
restrained from shrinking by the core. Thus the shell goes into tension
and the core into compression. With the stresses from the shell and core
pulling in opposite directions the wood fibers break and a crack forms.
The larger the wood member, the more stress is exerted to the wood
member. Examples Lets take an example of
Tuesday, June 19, 2012
Minimalist Home Designs
By
Mark G Jones
Minimalist home designs are often chosen by house owners these
days to refurbish or build their properties, because their simple and
seamless style makes their abode more comfortable and relaxing.
Minimalist design is influenced by the Japanese art elements of clean
lines and open spaces. It doesn't support elaborate features, clutter,
and unnecessary items that take up space.
Achieving a Minimalist Elegance Through Stair Parts
By
Todd Clifton
Most interior designers know the importance of the role stair
parts play in contributing to the overall aesthetic of a home or
building.
More and more architects, designers and home owners are looking to create a minimalist elegance in their interior space. Creating the illusion of space and modernity is effective and relatively easy to achieve.
More and more architects, designers and home owners are looking to create a minimalist elegance in their interior space. Creating the illusion of space and modernity is effective and relatively easy to achieve.
Building Materials For the Traditional Spanish Mission
By
Mark Bradley
The Spanish Mission Style of Architecture served functional and
aesthetic purposes when it was first produced in California. "Padres" or
priests from Spain came to the coastline of California to build their
missions and convert the natives, and the style of the missions was a
reflection of the great cultural soup that was being prepared. Native
Californians used their skill, priests used their design aesthetic from
the old country, and the raw materials of their work would come from the
natural products off the coast of California.
Carrara Marble Subway Tiles Combined With Hexagon Mosaics For a Modern Bathroom
By
Eric Erkin
One of the hottest current trends in interior design is the use
of Italian Bianco Carrara White Marble, not only as a design accent, but
also on bathroom floors, walls and showers as well as kitchen floors
and backsplashes. Consumers looking for a high quality finished product
with a more modern design are increasingly turning towards the unique
beauty of hexagon mosaics and another timeless classic, marble subway
tiles. Just like subway tiles, hexagon mosaics are also available in
different sizes, the most preferred being 1" hexagon mosaics and 2"
hexagon mosaics.
What Size Ceiling Fan Do I Require?
By
Mark Berger
So, what size fan do I need? I am installing into a room that is
this size by this size. What do I do? I don't know what size is
required.
Types Of Pavements That A Pavement Contractor Deals With
By
Janet Jhon
Are you thinking of laying pavements around your garden or
property? Not only such a construction is useful in enhancing the beauty
and aestheticism of the property but also allows people to walk around
the garden or take a brisk stroll in the evenings amidst natural bounty.
If you are thinking of landscaping your property, constructing a
pavement around the garden is an indispensable part of the project. But,
What Are the Advantages of Using Interlocking Pavers?
By
Garrett McGinnis
What are the advantages of using interlocking pavers?
o Numerous paving styles
o Unlimited color possibilities
o Numerous paving styles
o Unlimited color possibilities
Spring Aircraft Maintenance Checklist
By
Santo Silvestro
You already know how important it is to maintain your aircraft's
mechanical safety standards throughout the year. But springtime, after a
long period of cold and inactivity, is a particularly important time to
conduct a thorough maintenance checklist. Here is an overview of
important things to check and address before you pull your plane out of
the hanger for the spring/summer flying season.
15 Interior Design Tips From The Pros!
By
Al Hardy
You may want to redesign your home, but fear of the cost is
holding you back. That's simply not true. A little imagination can
easily lead to a low cost DIY project, all you need is a little
enthusiasm. This article will teach you some great tips that will not
Lego - A History Of These Building Blocks Of Imagination
By
Royce Armstrong
Lego bricks. Creativity. Childhood. They go together like Mickey
Mouse and Disney, wizards and Harry Potter. Lego has been a part of
childhood for more than three generations. Nearly everyone under 50 has
played with these building blocks of imagination. There is no telling
how many engineers and scientists were spawned by these plastic building
blocks.
Lego is
Lego is
Monday, June 18, 2012
Free Sights of Moscow
By
Annushka Turanna
Moscow is believed to be a very expensive city. However, it's
amazing to discover how much it can offer for those traveling on a
budget. Many of Moscow attractions are free for a visitor and yet they
are among must-see
See Austria's Beauty With Cheap Flights
By
Phil Durell
Austria is a country located in Central Europe. It is a
landlocked country because it is bordered by Czech Republic and Germany
to the north, Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west, Slovenia and
Sunday, June 17, 2012
Foundation Maintenance Software
By
Richard Romando
The proper care of a building foundation is very important to
preserve the building?s structure. Certain types of soil exhibit the
tendency to expand when wet, which can cause trouble if a building is
constructed on top of such soil. Therefore, it becomes necessary to
maintain a constant level of moisture in the soil supporting a building.
The main objective of foundation maintenance is to preserve constant
moisture content in the soil around and below the foundation of
Mixing and Matching Patterns, Colors and Designs
By
Mob Jarrock
If you've ever decorated any space, ever, you've probably found
yourself wondering how to properly mix and match different patterns,
colors and designs. In the interior design magazines and on television,
this can almost seem effortless. Fortunately, there are a few tips and
tricks you can use in your own space to create the same effortless look
of mixing and matching different patterns and colors. Here are a few
tips and tricks on how to do
The Advantages of Hardieplank Fiber-Cement Siding
By
Bill Houston
HardiePlank Fiber-Cement Siding, more commonly known as
HardiePlank is a very good siding option when building a home or just
remodeling. The advantage of HardiePlank is that besides being a good
substitute for wood, aluminum or vinyl siding, it has durability and
looks like natural wood, stucco, cedar shingles and other kinds of
sidings such as vinyl. HardiePlank can resist water, fire and bugs with
longevity of more than 50 years.
Compared with other sidings, HardiePlank is quite affordable and provides better assurance with longevity and protection. HardiePlank is made of cellulose fiber, sand and cement and has a low maintenance cost as it needs only soap and water to clean up. HardiePlank Fiber-Cement Siding can provide your home a nice look of wood yet not be subject to all the inconvenience of wood such as pest and fire. There are many other advantages with HardiePlank such as:
1. HardiePlank can resist harsh weather conditions such as gale force winds and extreme cold and other weather conditions.
2. It can resist cracking.
3. It comes in many variety and style and can hold paint up to a decade.
4. It can resist humidity, hail and flying debris.
5. It is economical, beautiful and has a low maintenance cost.
HardiePlank Fiber Cement Sidings also an investment amongst all different sidings. You have the protection that it provides at a very affordable price and for a long time. HardiePlank has become the choice of many for cement siding because of its qualities and durability. It is very easy to install but you need to follow the instructions of the manufacturer very carefully. Your home exterior is a reflection of the lifestyle that you conduct or would like to conduct. Passersby can be impressed by the look of the exterior of your home and HardiePlank is unique in giving your home a smart look.
If you're thinking about building or remodeling your home, make your siding a HardiePlank. You will have the envy of others and peace of mind. HardiePlank Fiber Cement Siding is especially made for your home improvement solution. There is a guarantee of quality, endurance and style. HardiePlank will keep you secure in the comfort of your home in all kinds of weather. It the best solution that is being provided and with today's technologies it can only get better. It has been proven for its durability and longevity and is hence the perfect solution for your home.
Compared with other sidings, HardiePlank is quite affordable and provides better assurance with longevity and protection. HardiePlank is made of cellulose fiber, sand and cement and has a low maintenance cost as it needs only soap and water to clean up. HardiePlank Fiber-Cement Siding can provide your home a nice look of wood yet not be subject to all the inconvenience of wood such as pest and fire. There are many other advantages with HardiePlank such as:
1. HardiePlank can resist harsh weather conditions such as gale force winds and extreme cold and other weather conditions.
2. It can resist cracking.
3. It comes in many variety and style and can hold paint up to a decade.
4. It can resist humidity, hail and flying debris.
5. It is economical, beautiful and has a low maintenance cost.
HardiePlank Fiber Cement Sidings also an investment amongst all different sidings. You have the protection that it provides at a very affordable price and for a long time. HardiePlank has become the choice of many for cement siding because of its qualities and durability. It is very easy to install but you need to follow the instructions of the manufacturer very carefully. Your home exterior is a reflection of the lifestyle that you conduct or would like to conduct. Passersby can be impressed by the look of the exterior of your home and HardiePlank is unique in giving your home a smart look.
If you're thinking about building or remodeling your home, make your siding a HardiePlank. You will have the envy of others and peace of mind. HardiePlank Fiber Cement Siding is especially made for your home improvement solution. There is a guarantee of quality, endurance and style. HardiePlank will keep you secure in the comfort of your home in all kinds of weather. It the best solution that is being provided and with today's technologies it can only get better. It has been proven for its durability and longevity and is hence the perfect solution for your home.
Bill Houston has spent a lot of time researching Energy Saving Window Replacement products and services as well as James Hardie HardiePlank Siding. Visit the author's website to read more about the latest home improvement products and services available.
Article Source:
http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Bill_Houston
Saturday, June 16, 2012
Spiritual Soul Core Strengthening - Foundation Repair and Building Structural Reinforcement Within
By
Cindy L. Herb
In spring, we often see very strong storms. Many times, the wind
blows so hard that trees topple over. This is especially true if the
tree is already old, weak or has no foundation of firm roots.
I have a beautiful tree in the middle of my backyard. Last year, while having an annual tree trimming, the service informed me of a deep crack in the middle of the tree. The tree service also told me there was no way to save the tree. Therefore, they suggested I cut the huge tree down. However, my instincts told me differently. Instead of removing the tree, I called another service and asked their opinion. They said that even though the tree was weakened by the crack, it could be strengthened by cabling the trunk together. However, they also warned that there was no guarantee that a very strong wind would not split the tree in two despite any cabling. In the end, I opted to trust my intuition and cable the tree.
Throughout the year, despite my gut telling me that everything would be OK, whenever a strong wind came up, I would watch anxiously to see if the tree could withstand the strain. As each storm came and went, my beautiful tree managed to stay upright, and continued to grow.
Several months ago, it was time again to trim my tree. When the tree service arrived, I inquired about the health of my tree. They showed me the crack in the tree. To my amazement, the tree had begun to heal itself. The cable not only reinforced the strength of the tree, but also allowed it to heal. With this knowledge, the service felt the tree had an excellent chance of living for many years.
Many times, we are like my tree-weak in our foundation. Therefore, we may feel as if we do not have the strength to weather the storms of life. However, you may not realize it, but you have more strength than you know. It is the spirit of God within you. The spirit is the cable that can help you withstand any storm. Furthermore, that cable can renew and heal you. There is no guarantee that you still will not topple over because each of us has choice. Either we can choose to allow the spirit to heal us or, conversely, we can ignore it. Why not recognize the beautiful spirit that is part of you, helping you grow higher and higher, fortifying you against any gust of wind?
Copyright Statement:
This article was written by Cindy L. Herb and may be reproduced on any related website provided the text is not changed in any form and this copyright statement is displayed unedited in its entirety at the foot of the article. Further articles are also available. Contact the author for more information.
I have a beautiful tree in the middle of my backyard. Last year, while having an annual tree trimming, the service informed me of a deep crack in the middle of the tree. The tree service also told me there was no way to save the tree. Therefore, they suggested I cut the huge tree down. However, my instincts told me differently. Instead of removing the tree, I called another service and asked their opinion. They said that even though the tree was weakened by the crack, it could be strengthened by cabling the trunk together. However, they also warned that there was no guarantee that a very strong wind would not split the tree in two despite any cabling. In the end, I opted to trust my intuition and cable the tree.
Throughout the year, despite my gut telling me that everything would be OK, whenever a strong wind came up, I would watch anxiously to see if the tree could withstand the strain. As each storm came and went, my beautiful tree managed to stay upright, and continued to grow.
Several months ago, it was time again to trim my tree. When the tree service arrived, I inquired about the health of my tree. They showed me the crack in the tree. To my amazement, the tree had begun to heal itself. The cable not only reinforced the strength of the tree, but also allowed it to heal. With this knowledge, the service felt the tree had an excellent chance of living for many years.
Many times, we are like my tree-weak in our foundation. Therefore, we may feel as if we do not have the strength to weather the storms of life. However, you may not realize it, but you have more strength than you know. It is the spirit of God within you. The spirit is the cable that can help you withstand any storm. Furthermore, that cable can renew and heal you. There is no guarantee that you still will not topple over because each of us has choice. Either we can choose to allow the spirit to heal us or, conversely, we can ignore it. Why not recognize the beautiful spirit that is part of you, helping you grow higher and higher, fortifying you against any gust of wind?
Copyright Statement:
This article was written by Cindy L. Herb and may be reproduced on any related website provided the text is not changed in any form and this copyright statement is displayed unedited in its entirety at the foot of the article. Further articles are also available. Contact the author for more information.
Cindy L. Herb, author of Awakening the Spirit: The Open Wide Like a Floozy Chronicles, specializes in emotional healing, helping others overcome adversity and find joy. As The Joyful Survivor, Cindy offers others an alternative approach to healing from any trauma, through a simple, proven process. To get FREE help, please visit the author's website. Copyright 2009-2011 Cindy L. Herb, http://joyfulsurvivor.com. All Rights Reserved Worldwide.
Post Tensioned Concrete
By
Fiona Wright
Post-tensioning is a process of reinforcing and prestressing
concrete. Stresses are brought into the concrete using bars or strands
of steel while it is being constructed. The strands of steel are
typically used in horizontal construction such as foundations and beams.
Steel bars are used for vertical purposes such as columns and walls.
Typical steel strands used in post-tensioning have a tensile strength of 270,000 pounds/in². In comparison, a typical non-prestressed piece of reinforcing has a tensile strength of 60,000 psi. Strands typically have a diameter of 1/2 in., and are stressed to a force of 33,000 pounds. The stresses brought into the concrete offset the expected external loads the concrete will be subjected to.
In post-tensioning the steel is held in a duct, which stops the steel and concrete from binding after the concrete solidifies. The steel can then be stressed after the concrete sets. This is usually done in two stages. The first prestress applied is up to 50% of the final force and this is done when the compressive strength reaches 12-15N/mm².
The second stage is when the final stressing occurs and this is done when the concrete meets its design strength. The strands and bars are tensioned by stretching them with a hydraulic jack. They are then fixed in place with an anchoring component, which holds the force in them for the life of the building. Post-tensioning allows the engineer to have all the benefits of using prestressed concrete while keeping the freedom of constructing on site.
Concrete is very strong in compression and weak in tension. Steel however is very strong in tension. By combining the two materials we create a component, which is strong in both tension and compression. More benefits can be found by using the steel to place the concrete into compression. This increases it's tensile strength, which allows for longer spans and thinner sections. It also helps to stop the formation of shrinkage cracks, which in turn stops moisture passing through the material.
The more the concrete is compressed, the less likely it is that cracking will occur. Using post-tensioned concrete allows for flexible column spacing and structural depth.
Typical steel strands used in post-tensioning have a tensile strength of 270,000 pounds/in². In comparison, a typical non-prestressed piece of reinforcing has a tensile strength of 60,000 psi. Strands typically have a diameter of 1/2 in., and are stressed to a force of 33,000 pounds. The stresses brought into the concrete offset the expected external loads the concrete will be subjected to.
In post-tensioning the steel is held in a duct, which stops the steel and concrete from binding after the concrete solidifies. The steel can then be stressed after the concrete sets. This is usually done in two stages. The first prestress applied is up to 50% of the final force and this is done when the compressive strength reaches 12-15N/mm².
The second stage is when the final stressing occurs and this is done when the concrete meets its design strength. The strands and bars are tensioned by stretching them with a hydraulic jack. They are then fixed in place with an anchoring component, which holds the force in them for the life of the building. Post-tensioning allows the engineer to have all the benefits of using prestressed concrete while keeping the freedom of constructing on site.
Concrete is very strong in compression and weak in tension. Steel however is very strong in tension. By combining the two materials we create a component, which is strong in both tension and compression. More benefits can be found by using the steel to place the concrete into compression. This increases it's tensile strength, which allows for longer spans and thinner sections. It also helps to stop the formation of shrinkage cracks, which in turn stops moisture passing through the material.
The more the concrete is compressed, the less likely it is that cracking will occur. Using post-tensioned concrete allows for flexible column spacing and structural depth.
Pay a visit to Construction Calc. The Authors website.
Article Source:
http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Fiona_Wright
To Replace the Seat in a Water Stop Valve by Yourself
By
Gao Shero
In fact, the development of the modern industry has taken many
influences on our daily life. The water faucets are common to see in
many houses, which control the water in pipelines. And it is also one
type of the water stop valve. Water stop valve refers to the valve which
turns water on and off. And the internally located seat in it is
designed to seal the valve to prevent the water from coming through. If
the seat fails to work, it is necessary to replace it immediately in
case of further damages or industrial accidents.
It should be mentioned that the replacing process is rather easy. And all the tools you need are the wrench and flat-head screwdriver. Before the actual beginning of the replacing process, it is necessary and important to turn off the main valve.
At fist, try to drain out of the water in the entire system. You can turn the attached tap off to let the inside water totally out of. Secondly, you need to ensure the place which needs fixing. In fact, you can use the flat-head screwdriver to pry the cap from the center of the handle of the faucet. Thirdly, pry the screw under the cap off by the aid of the screwdriver. Afterwards, you can pull off the valve stem. By using the wrench, it is able to remove the locking nut on the valve stem.
At this moment, it is time for you to manually remove the valve handle and valve stem by turning them counterclockwise. Fourthly, take the rubber seat out by using a flat-head screwdriver. It is important to recognize the type of this rubber seat. They can be either the beveled seat or the flat seat. No matter what, it is necessary to find the matching replacement. You can find it in you tool box or you can go to a nearby store to by it. Remember that the proper one is needed indeed. Once you have found the needed rubber seat of the water stop valve, try to put all fittings back to their places in counter sequence. Once these steps have done, it is necessary to press the cap back with your thumb or forefinger. At last, turn on the main valve to check for leakage or other performance. If there are some other unpleasant situations, stop the operating and do further inspection in time. If there is none, congratulations! You have done a successive job.
It should be mentioned that the replacing process is rather easy. And all the tools you need are the wrench and flat-head screwdriver. Before the actual beginning of the replacing process, it is necessary and important to turn off the main valve.
At fist, try to drain out of the water in the entire system. You can turn the attached tap off to let the inside water totally out of. Secondly, you need to ensure the place which needs fixing. In fact, you can use the flat-head screwdriver to pry the cap from the center of the handle of the faucet. Thirdly, pry the screw under the cap off by the aid of the screwdriver. Afterwards, you can pull off the valve stem. By using the wrench, it is able to remove the locking nut on the valve stem.
At this moment, it is time for you to manually remove the valve handle and valve stem by turning them counterclockwise. Fourthly, take the rubber seat out by using a flat-head screwdriver. It is important to recognize the type of this rubber seat. They can be either the beveled seat or the flat seat. No matter what, it is necessary to find the matching replacement. You can find it in you tool box or you can go to a nearby store to by it. Remember that the proper one is needed indeed. Once you have found the needed rubber seat of the water stop valve, try to put all fittings back to their places in counter sequence. Once these steps have done, it is necessary to press the cap back with your thumb or forefinger. At last, turn on the main valve to check for leakage or other performance. If there are some other unpleasant situations, stop the operating and do further inspection in time. If there is none, congratulations! You have done a successive job.
SeekPart.com is the global B2B platform in the industry of
mechanical parts. SeekPart aggregates the trade leads in this area, and
our ultimate target is to benefit the buyers and sellers of mechanical
parts by utilizing these leads through our online tools.
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Friday, June 15, 2012
Buying a Home - Where Hurricanes Pose the Greatest Risk
By
Rich Johnson
More and more people are drawn to the beach for vacations or to
build a primary or secondary residence. The allure of the coast is
powerful with the beautiful vistas, fishing, boating, or just walking on
the beach. Before deciding to purchase a home or condominium on or
close to the beach, it would be wise to understand the effects of
hurricanes in that location. Let's look at which coastal locations are
most likely to have a hurricane strike and which effects could pose
problems to you.
Hurricane "hot zones"
Any coastal location on the eastern seaboard or Gulf coast has a risk from hurricanes. When you choose to build or buy a home on the coast, there is a chance that it could suffer serious damage or be destroyed. Due to the layout of the geography, some locations are less likely to see a hurricane strike. For example, the northeast Florida and Georgia coast has a smaller chance of seeing a hurricane than the coast north or south of the area due to the concave shape of the coast. Also, hurricanes are less frequent on the Mid-Atlantic and New England coasts because of colder offshore water temperatures and the fact that hurricanes usually move northeast away from the coast at that latitude. The most likely location to be affected by a hurricane is south Florida, specifically the Florida Keys. This is a climatologically favored location for hurricanes to track from the Atlantic Ocean. Over the past roughly 100 years, this location averages a minimal hurricane about once every four to five years. A major hurricane - category three or higher on the Saffir-Simpson scale can be expected about once every ten years.
The second most likely location to be affected is eastern North Carolina. Hurricanes many times recurve north, then northeast near the Southeast coast. Eastern North Carolina is far enough to the east that makes this stretch of land vulnerable. This location can expect to see a minimal hurricane on average about once every five to eight years. A major hurricane is only likely to return once every twenty or more years on average. For those interested in living on the gulf coast from northwest Florida to Texas, a minimal hurricane is seen about once every seven to twelve years. The southeast Louisiana coast is slightly more frequent. Keep in mind that averages can be misleading. Hurricane climatology shows some decades had "favored" patterns. Some favored the Gulf coast, other decades the east coast. So it's possible for a location to see a hurricane strike a number of times, and then be quiet for decades.
Hurricane effects
The effects from a hurricane include flooding from heavy rain, wind damage, tornadoes and storm surge. Flooding rain and tornadoes can occur well inland and do not make a difference in the location for buying a home. Buying a home far enough inland away from the effects of storm surge would minimize that aspect of hurricane damage. Locations on the coast are not only suspect to the rise in water with the storm surge, but also the battering effects of waves. The wind damage effects are also concentrated on the coast. The reason for this is because tropical cyclones lose their strength once moving over land. It is still possible to have very strong winds well inland with major hurricanes.
Summary
The most likely location to see the effects from a hurricane is south Florida, with eastern North Carolina second. Remember, it is possible for any location on the east or Gulf coasts to be hit by a hurricane. You can always choose to buy or build a home farther inland and still somewhat near the coast and be considerably safer.
Hurricane "hot zones"
Any coastal location on the eastern seaboard or Gulf coast has a risk from hurricanes. When you choose to build or buy a home on the coast, there is a chance that it could suffer serious damage or be destroyed. Due to the layout of the geography, some locations are less likely to see a hurricane strike. For example, the northeast Florida and Georgia coast has a smaller chance of seeing a hurricane than the coast north or south of the area due to the concave shape of the coast. Also, hurricanes are less frequent on the Mid-Atlantic and New England coasts because of colder offshore water temperatures and the fact that hurricanes usually move northeast away from the coast at that latitude. The most likely location to be affected by a hurricane is south Florida, specifically the Florida Keys. This is a climatologically favored location for hurricanes to track from the Atlantic Ocean. Over the past roughly 100 years, this location averages a minimal hurricane about once every four to five years. A major hurricane - category three or higher on the Saffir-Simpson scale can be expected about once every ten years.
The second most likely location to be affected is eastern North Carolina. Hurricanes many times recurve north, then northeast near the Southeast coast. Eastern North Carolina is far enough to the east that makes this stretch of land vulnerable. This location can expect to see a minimal hurricane on average about once every five to eight years. A major hurricane is only likely to return once every twenty or more years on average. For those interested in living on the gulf coast from northwest Florida to Texas, a minimal hurricane is seen about once every seven to twelve years. The southeast Louisiana coast is slightly more frequent. Keep in mind that averages can be misleading. Hurricane climatology shows some decades had "favored" patterns. Some favored the Gulf coast, other decades the east coast. So it's possible for a location to see a hurricane strike a number of times, and then be quiet for decades.
Hurricane effects
The effects from a hurricane include flooding from heavy rain, wind damage, tornadoes and storm surge. Flooding rain and tornadoes can occur well inland and do not make a difference in the location for buying a home. Buying a home far enough inland away from the effects of storm surge would minimize that aspect of hurricane damage. Locations on the coast are not only suspect to the rise in water with the storm surge, but also the battering effects of waves. The wind damage effects are also concentrated on the coast. The reason for this is because tropical cyclones lose their strength once moving over land. It is still possible to have very strong winds well inland with major hurricanes.
Summary
The most likely location to see the effects from a hurricane is south Florida, with eastern North Carolina second. Remember, it is possible for any location on the east or Gulf coasts to be hit by a hurricane. You can always choose to buy or build a home farther inland and still somewhat near the coast and be considerably safer.
Rich is a Certified Broadcast Meteorologist with more than 25
years of weather forecasting and television experience with The Weather
Channel. Visit his website for more on expert hurricane forecasts and
travel resources.
Hurricane Forecasts & Travel - Disney World Resources - Vacation Beach Rentals
Article Source:
http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Rich_Johnson
Hurricane Forecasts & Travel - Disney World Resources - Vacation Beach Rentals
Chicago Architects Design the Tallest Lakefront Condo/Mixed-Use Building in the World
By
Spencer Mason
Shooting up over 3,280 feet into the air, Kingdom Tower will be
the world's first kilometer-high skyscraper-and it won't be anywhere
near Chicago. The lakefront condo, hotel and office building is part of a
massive development planned for the new Waterfront District in Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia. The soaring tower will anchor a large, multi-structure
complex called Kingdom City that is expected to cost $20 billion to
build. So what does that have to do with Chicago? Two Windy City
architects were selected to head-up the project, beating out several
other major architecture firms who entered a design competition to
create this never-before-attempted structural feat.
The Chicago-based architecture team of Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill will travel halfway around the globe for this next job-a massive 5.7 million-square-foot endeavor that will house a Four Seasons Hotel, luxury condominiums, apartment rentals, office space and, why not?-the highest observatory on the planet. Exceeding the height of the current tallest building in the world by over 560 feet, this record-shattering tower is going to be an engineering marvel that puts Smith in first place of the tallest building race-again. He was the lead architect on Burj Khalifa in Dubai, which presently holds the title. He also had a hand in Chicago's own Trump International Hotel & Tower (originally designed to surpass the Sears Tower in height but was ultimately made shorter to protect the lofty status of Chicago's trademark structure).
Due to its astonishing verticality, Kingdom Tower's blueprints call for an especially sophisticated elevator system that includes 59 cars (some that are double-decker). It will also have escalators that go 10 meters per second (around 20 mph). The structural engineering of the tower is incredibly important because its upper sections will endure very strong wind speeds. This led to an aerodynamic design with three petal-like wings that taper as they go up. The result is a sleek, needle-esque form that Smith and Gill say is inspired by the shoots of young desert plants coming up through the ground with fronds that have not yet separated. (Think of a new palm shoot before it opens out.) The base of the tower has an organic feel with large, skylight-filled overhangs and a wavy horizontal contour.
As is popular in any building design these days, Kingdom Tower's structure incorporates high-efficiency and energy-saving features. It will also have shaded outdoor verandas and a special cantilevered sky terrace off the 157th floor, reserved as an exterior amenity space for the penthouse level.
While it is sure to be the center of attention, Kingdom Tower is only a part of the big picture for Kingdom City. Smith + Gill have also been commissioned to draw up plans for a utopian community in the Waterfront District that boasts a pedestrian-friendly shopping, entertainment, residential and hotel quarter with landscaped outdoor areas and scenic lakefront condos, commercial buildings and other amenities. Certainly an impressive undertaking-but nothing two pros from Chicago can't handle.
The Chicago-based architecture team of Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill will travel halfway around the globe for this next job-a massive 5.7 million-square-foot endeavor that will house a Four Seasons Hotel, luxury condominiums, apartment rentals, office space and, why not?-the highest observatory on the planet. Exceeding the height of the current tallest building in the world by over 560 feet, this record-shattering tower is going to be an engineering marvel that puts Smith in first place of the tallest building race-again. He was the lead architect on Burj Khalifa in Dubai, which presently holds the title. He also had a hand in Chicago's own Trump International Hotel & Tower (originally designed to surpass the Sears Tower in height but was ultimately made shorter to protect the lofty status of Chicago's trademark structure).
Due to its astonishing verticality, Kingdom Tower's blueprints call for an especially sophisticated elevator system that includes 59 cars (some that are double-decker). It will also have escalators that go 10 meters per second (around 20 mph). The structural engineering of the tower is incredibly important because its upper sections will endure very strong wind speeds. This led to an aerodynamic design with three petal-like wings that taper as they go up. The result is a sleek, needle-esque form that Smith and Gill say is inspired by the shoots of young desert plants coming up through the ground with fronds that have not yet separated. (Think of a new palm shoot before it opens out.) The base of the tower has an organic feel with large, skylight-filled overhangs and a wavy horizontal contour.
As is popular in any building design these days, Kingdom Tower's structure incorporates high-efficiency and energy-saving features. It will also have shaded outdoor verandas and a special cantilevered sky terrace off the 157th floor, reserved as an exterior amenity space for the penthouse level.
While it is sure to be the center of attention, Kingdom Tower is only a part of the big picture for Kingdom City. Smith + Gill have also been commissioned to draw up plans for a utopian community in the Waterfront District that boasts a pedestrian-friendly shopping, entertainment, residential and hotel quarter with landscaped outdoor areas and scenic lakefront condos, commercial buildings and other amenities. Certainly an impressive undertaking-but nothing two pros from Chicago can't handle.
Spencer Mason writes about topics for real estate in Chicago.
Building the "Great Wall of Mexico"
By
Joseph Devine
The increasing problems with illegal immigration into the United
States have prompted a controversial plan: building a "Great Wall of
Mexico." This wall would theoretically deter thousands of would-be
immigrants, either from Mexico or immigrating by way of Mexico, from
entering the United States. CNN estimates that there are about 20
million illegal immigrants residing in the U.S. However, is a giant
fence really going to help solve this problem?
First of all, we have to determine why illegal immigration is such a detriment to society. If we are currently functioning with as many as 20 million aliens present in our country, why stop illegal immigration now? Some people argue that non-naturalized citizens compete with legal residents for jobs. In the current state of the economy, this can definitely be a big deal. Second, a large amount of tax dollars goes towards immigrants, either as health care or border patrol against immigration. After these, there are a number of other complaints such as increased crime, spread of disease, and possible terrorism, among others.
Currently in effect are multiple cameras and sensors along the Texas-Mexico border. Citizens can actually create accounts to participate in the Border Watch, monitoring the cameras online at their own computers. However, the program has been called unsuccessful and a waste of money. This is unsurprising considering that there is only one camera per about every 70 miles of the border.
With the problems of sneaking into the United States still rampant, legislators have looked to other methods to keep border-crossers out. In the Secure Fence Act, passed in September of 2006, the United States Congress voted to build a fence along the border with Mexico. The fence was proposed to be a double-layer, 700 mile-long monstrosity built in several sections from California to Texas. This wall was supposed to be finished by the end of 2008, but it has not yet been completed as of July 2009.
Perhaps the completion of the wall has stalled due to the high amount of opposition to building the fence. Mexican President Felipe Calderon has compared the U.S.-Mexico fence to the Berlin Wall. Chief among the American opposition is the city of Brownsville. The government has proposed to purchase private lands-some held in the same family for generations-in order to build the fence.
As for those concerned for the environment, the Great Wall of Mexico would cut through the Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge. The land is home to 17 endangered or threatened species of organisms, as well as the only piece of American soil where some species can be seen.
Taking all this into account, there are definite pros and cons of building the Great Wall of Mexico. Illegal immigration is a hot topic, and we have yet to see how the fence will culminate in American history.
If you or someone you know needs more information on becoming a naturalized citizen, a good source of immigration lawyers can be found here.
First of all, we have to determine why illegal immigration is such a detriment to society. If we are currently functioning with as many as 20 million aliens present in our country, why stop illegal immigration now? Some people argue that non-naturalized citizens compete with legal residents for jobs. In the current state of the economy, this can definitely be a big deal. Second, a large amount of tax dollars goes towards immigrants, either as health care or border patrol against immigration. After these, there are a number of other complaints such as increased crime, spread of disease, and possible terrorism, among others.
Currently in effect are multiple cameras and sensors along the Texas-Mexico border. Citizens can actually create accounts to participate in the Border Watch, monitoring the cameras online at their own computers. However, the program has been called unsuccessful and a waste of money. This is unsurprising considering that there is only one camera per about every 70 miles of the border.
With the problems of sneaking into the United States still rampant, legislators have looked to other methods to keep border-crossers out. In the Secure Fence Act, passed in September of 2006, the United States Congress voted to build a fence along the border with Mexico. The fence was proposed to be a double-layer, 700 mile-long monstrosity built in several sections from California to Texas. This wall was supposed to be finished by the end of 2008, but it has not yet been completed as of July 2009.
Perhaps the completion of the wall has stalled due to the high amount of opposition to building the fence. Mexican President Felipe Calderon has compared the U.S.-Mexico fence to the Berlin Wall. Chief among the American opposition is the city of Brownsville. The government has proposed to purchase private lands-some held in the same family for generations-in order to build the fence.
As for those concerned for the environment, the Great Wall of Mexico would cut through the Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge. The land is home to 17 endangered or threatened species of organisms, as well as the only piece of American soil where some species can be seen.
Taking all this into account, there are definite pros and cons of building the Great Wall of Mexico. Illegal immigration is a hot topic, and we have yet to see how the fence will culminate in American history.
If you or someone you know needs more information on becoming a naturalized citizen, a good source of immigration lawyers can be found here.
Joseph Devine
Article Source:
http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Joseph_Devine
Thursday, June 14, 2012
Canadian Model Train Collectors - Building a World in Miniature
By
Brad A Miller
Model railway enthusiasts indulge themselves in one of the most
popular hobbies in the world, and Canadian model trains in particular
have carved themselves a substantial slice of the pie in terms of
overall popularity. The history of the railroad network in Canada speaks
volumes for the daunting challenges faced and met by the railroad
pioneers, who developed the railway system, and who designed and built
the incredible locomotives and rolling stock specialized to establish
the incredible infrastructure that still spans the nation today.
For each and every Canadian model train, is a tribute to its pioneers; the machines that they created and brought to life. Those metal giants, that huffed and puffed their way across Canada, billowing smoke and radiating power and majesty.
The serious model train hobbyist is a highly skilled specialist who not only builds locomotives and rolling stock from bronze or die-cast kits of bogies, chassis' and motors. They take their passion for modeling into all aspects of the railroad world, building dioramas that come to life in displaying Canadian railroading in all their glory in a true to life model working environment.
Some enthusiasts buy their locomotives and rolling stock straight out of the model stores already fully built and ready to run. For them the delight is in building the track layouts, and the dioramas they create are truly awesome. A Canadian model steam engine, working earnestly away, pulling its load, billowing model smoke, and utilizing thundering sound effects (steam engine, level crossing, cattle truck sounds, etc.) in a realistic layout is something extraordinarily special to behold.
Canadian train enthusiasts have banded together and have created some incredible websites that display some superb photos of their members' layouts. There are forums and newsrooms too, all dedicated to preaching the word and spreading the gospel of Canadian model trains in action, to the rest of the modeling world.
Many Canadian model train clubs support their members' endeavors to construct fantastic dioramas in a knock down form that can be transported all over Canada where they assemble them in venues across the nation for fellow hobbyists to see, take wonder in, and enjoy. For these people there is no financial reward, merely a covering of the costs they incur in travelling and overnight expenses. For these guys and gals, the real reward is the delight that they see in the eyes of those who come to see and celebrate their exhibitions.
Some of the needed modeling to create the lifelike layouts is almost beyond belief. They are more than labors of love; they are labors of passion and commitment. There is no greater thrill than watching a Canadian trains crossing the Rocky Mountains, weaving its way in and out of tunnels, and all of the scenery built faithfully by hand!
Even for those who have not developed the modeling skill, but who buy much of their scenery from a model store, they still have that desire and passion to assemble a truly impressive background that brings their Canadian model trains to life.
Once truly bitten with the Canadian railroad bug, you will never look back. You will enter a whole new world in miniature; a world that celebrates all that is great about the Canadian model train.
For each and every Canadian model train, is a tribute to its pioneers; the machines that they created and brought to life. Those metal giants, that huffed and puffed their way across Canada, billowing smoke and radiating power and majesty.
The serious model train hobbyist is a highly skilled specialist who not only builds locomotives and rolling stock from bronze or die-cast kits of bogies, chassis' and motors. They take their passion for modeling into all aspects of the railroad world, building dioramas that come to life in displaying Canadian railroading in all their glory in a true to life model working environment.
Some enthusiasts buy their locomotives and rolling stock straight out of the model stores already fully built and ready to run. For them the delight is in building the track layouts, and the dioramas they create are truly awesome. A Canadian model steam engine, working earnestly away, pulling its load, billowing model smoke, and utilizing thundering sound effects (steam engine, level crossing, cattle truck sounds, etc.) in a realistic layout is something extraordinarily special to behold.
Canadian train enthusiasts have banded together and have created some incredible websites that display some superb photos of their members' layouts. There are forums and newsrooms too, all dedicated to preaching the word and spreading the gospel of Canadian model trains in action, to the rest of the modeling world.
Many Canadian model train clubs support their members' endeavors to construct fantastic dioramas in a knock down form that can be transported all over Canada where they assemble them in venues across the nation for fellow hobbyists to see, take wonder in, and enjoy. For these people there is no financial reward, merely a covering of the costs they incur in travelling and overnight expenses. For these guys and gals, the real reward is the delight that they see in the eyes of those who come to see and celebrate their exhibitions.
Some of the needed modeling to create the lifelike layouts is almost beyond belief. They are more than labors of love; they are labors of passion and commitment. There is no greater thrill than watching a Canadian trains crossing the Rocky Mountains, weaving its way in and out of tunnels, and all of the scenery built faithfully by hand!
Even for those who have not developed the modeling skill, but who buy much of their scenery from a model store, they still have that desire and passion to assemble a truly impressive background that brings their Canadian model trains to life.
Once truly bitten with the Canadian railroad bug, you will never look back. You will enter a whole new world in miniature; a world that celebrates all that is great about the Canadian model train.
Brad Miller, is a model train enthusiast, and enjoys others to
get started in this amazing hobby. For more information, Click Here, Canadian Model Trains, Tells everything you need to know about starting a very exciting new hobby. Get this Free 11 Part Mini-Course at: http://www.modeltrain-guide.com
Article Source:
http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Brad_A_Miller
Earthquake Retrofit Make The Structure Tough
By
Douglas R Small
Earthquake retrofit is a process used in construction to make the house strong during natural calamities. The aim of doing earthquake retrofit is to make the structure tough against earthquakes and various seismic activities.
Seismic retrofitting is another name for retrofit. Making the building tough against tremors, vibrations in the ground, motion of the earth etc, is the sole reason why you should prefer experts. Never rely on inexperienced contractors. Instead, contact experienced contractors to have a sigh of relief about the process of earthquake retrofit.
Keep in mind that no process can completely protect the building against the earthquake. But through the process of retrofit, one may make the structure safer and active even to the slightest ground movement. For new buildings it's very easy to install with this type of facility and the old ones can also be well equipped, if experts are called in. The contractors of highest calibre have confirmed that majority of the damage is caused due to the foundation wall clashing with each other. To prevent the clash, one has to get the retrofit contractor who excels in the technique to make clash proof walls. They could be regarded as the one who deals with all kinds of stuff. They use the strongest material, which stops the foundation walls to fall against each other.
Earthquake retrofit is basically done for three main reasons: Safety to public - It is the first and foremost motive. This process ensures public safety during earthquake. Structural Survival - People do retrofit to save their buildings. Maximum damage is avoided through this process and the buildings can be brought to their original shape with less expenditure. Structural Functionality - Structural functionality is the third reason for retrofit and this is to maintain the proper functions of the building even in the worst case scenario. Getting earthquake retrofit done is compulsory to be on the safe side, when the earthquake strikes.
Earthquake retrofit is a structural strengthening process which starts at the foundation of the property. There are different aspects intended for commercial and residential properties. The most common aspects of residential properties: Bolting - every 6' around the perimeter for one story properties, or every 4' around the perimeter for two story properties. Shear panelling (the cripple walls) - the build-up walls which provide the crawl space to construct the basement must be reinforced with blocking between the studs at the top and bottom in addition to panelling nailed to outside the studs. Bracketing (the floor joists) - tying in the floor where it meets the perimeter walls. Securing the post and pier system under the flooring system with wood and steel strapping. On average, the cost to retrofit a 2,500 square foot property with all four residential earthquake retrofit aspects is $4,500. Construction companies engaged in earthquake retrofit are well versed in the current conditions and what the different cities require. Moreover, they make the strengthening process a money saving opportunity while raising your property value minus raising your property taxes.
Earthquake retrofit is a process used in construction to make the house strong during natural calamities. The aim of doing earthquake retrofit is to make the structure tough against earthquakes and various seismic activities.
Seismic retrofitting is another name for retrofit. Making the building tough against tremors, vibrations in the ground, motion of the earth etc, is the sole reason why you should prefer experts. Never rely on inexperienced contractors. Instead, contact experienced contractors to have a sigh of relief about the process of earthquake retrofit.
Keep in mind that no process can completely protect the building against the earthquake. But through the process of retrofit, one may make the structure safer and active even to the slightest ground movement. For new buildings it's very easy to install with this type of facility and the old ones can also be well equipped, if experts are called in. The contractors of highest calibre have confirmed that majority of the damage is caused due to the foundation wall clashing with each other. To prevent the clash, one has to get the retrofit contractor who excels in the technique to make clash proof walls. They could be regarded as the one who deals with all kinds of stuff. They use the strongest material, which stops the foundation walls to fall against each other.
Earthquake retrofit is basically done for three main reasons: Safety to public - It is the first and foremost motive. This process ensures public safety during earthquake. Structural Survival - People do retrofit to save their buildings. Maximum damage is avoided through this process and the buildings can be brought to their original shape with less expenditure. Structural Functionality - Structural functionality is the third reason for retrofit and this is to maintain the proper functions of the building even in the worst case scenario. Getting earthquake retrofit done is compulsory to be on the safe side, when the earthquake strikes.
Earthquake retrofit is a structural strengthening process which starts at the foundation of the property. There are different aspects intended for commercial and residential properties. The most common aspects of residential properties: Bolting - every 6' around the perimeter for one story properties, or every 4' around the perimeter for two story properties. Shear panelling (the cripple walls) - the build-up walls which provide the crawl space to construct the basement must be reinforced with blocking between the studs at the top and bottom in addition to panelling nailed to outside the studs. Bracketing (the floor joists) - tying in the floor where it meets the perimeter walls. Securing the post and pier system under the flooring system with wood and steel strapping. On average, the cost to retrofit a 2,500 square foot property with all four residential earthquake retrofit aspects is $4,500. Construction companies engaged in earthquake retrofit are well versed in the current conditions and what the different cities require. Moreover, they make the strengthening process a money saving opportunity while raising your property value minus raising your property taxes.
You may need to find out a little more about Earthquake Retrofit before you decide to close a great deal. Obtaining a foundation repair just like from Weinstein Retrofitting at http://www.laquakeproofer.com is usually a wise investment for your house. Look at the internet and discover more about it.
Article Source:
http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Douglas_R_Small
